Image reading device with protective layers

ABSTRACT

An image reading device has an entrance window provided in a substrate for receiving the light illuminating an information bearing member bearing information to be read. A photosensor is provided on the substrate for receiving the light that has entered through the entrance window and has been reflected by the information bearing member. Further, a protective layer is formed on the photosensor opposite to the substrate, in order to maintain a constant distance between the information bearing member and the photosensor, and has a multi-layer structure of separate functions, comprising a first layer of a first function at the side of the photosensor, and a second layer of another function different from the first function.

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 384,904,filed on July 25, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,924,282, which is acontinuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 310,467, filed on Feb. 15,1989, which is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 104,072,filed on Oct. 5, 1987, both now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an image reading device, and, moreparticularly, an image reading device having for example a linear imagesensor and reading image information by relative movement of aninformation bearing member, such as an original document, in contactwith said linear image sensor, and adapted for use in a facsimileapparatus, a copying machine, an image reader or the like.

2. Related Background Art

In the field of image reading device utilizing linear image sensor,there is already known a device for reading an original image byfocusing said image onto a linear image sensor of a length of severalcentimeters in the main scanning direction, through a reduction opticalsystem. However such device requires a large optical path for reductionimaging, and cannot be easily compactized since the optical systemrequires a large space for housing it.

On the other hand, the use of an equal-size optical system employing alinear image sensor of a length substantially equal to the width of theoriginal image allows to significantly reduce the space required forhousing the optical system, thereby compactizing the reading apparatus.Such equal-size optical system is already known to be realizable withlight concentrating fibers or with a contact lens array. Also recentlythere has been developed an image reading device of contact type inwhich the original document is moved in contact with the linear imagesensor without such fibers or lens array, as disclosed in the JapanesePatent Laid-open Nos. 74262/1980, 75271/1980, 45084/1981 and 122172/1981by the present applicant.

FIG. 1 is a partially cut-off lateral cross-sectional view of aprincipal portion of such a conventional image reading device of contacttype, provided with photosensor portions or photosensor elements 8,arranged on a transparent substrate 11 such as glass, in a directionperpendicular to the plane of drawing to constitute a linear imagesensor.

Said sensor element 8 is composed, on a transparent substrate 11 such asglass, of an opaque layer 12 of an opaque material, such as metal; aninsulating layer 13 of an electrically insulting material; asemiconductor layer 14 of a photoconductive semiconductor material suchas hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) or CdS.Se; a semiconductorlayer 15 doped with semiconductive impurities for forming ohmiccontacts; and a pair of main electrodes 16, 17, defining alight-receiving window 18 therebetween.

In such a structure, incident light L entering the transparent substrate11 through an entrance window 19 formed thereon (the sensor 8 isprotected from said incident light by the opaque layer 12) illuminatesan original document P, and the reflected light is received by thelight-receiving window 18 of the sensor 8, whereby a photocurrentgenerated between the electrodes 16, 17 through the semiconductor layer14 is obtained as a readout signal through wirings (not shown).

A reading resolving power of 4-8 lines/mm can be obtained when thedistance between the original document P and the sensor 8 is maintainedin the order of 0.1 mm, and the distance has to be strictly controlledin order to maintain the above-mentioned resolving power. Accuratecontrolling the distance is achieved by forming, on the sensor 8, aprotective layer 20 antiabrasive to the contact with the originaldocument P.

The protective layer 20 is required to satisfy at least following threefunctions. A first function is to maintain a constant distance betweenthe sensor element 8 and the original document P, i.e. a spacer functionfor maintaining an exact spacing between the light-receiving face of thewindow 18 and the original document P.

A second function is to prevent the deterioration of the sensor element8 by abrasion, when the original document P is contacted therewith.

A third function is to secure the stability of the sensor element 8against changes in ambient conditions such as temperature and humidity.

Conventionally, the protective layer 20 has been formed by adhering atranslucent material, such as glass, to the substrate 11 so as to coverthe sensor element 8, and said adhesion has been obtained by applying anadhesive material to the unillustrated peripheral or end portions of thedevice. However, such structure in which the glass protective layer andthe substrate are both relatively rigid, there is encountered a drawbackof a bending stress caused by temperature change, due to the differencein the thermal expansion coefficient of the protective layer and thesubstrate, or a stress resulting from uneven adhesion, giving eventuallyrise to mechanical destruction.

Also, such a structure results in an air gap between the protectivelayer 20 and the light-receiving window 18, leading to a deteriorationin image quality and an insufficient ambient stability of thelight-receiving face defined by the window 18. In order to avoid suchdrawback, the adhesive material may be applied on the upper surface ofthe substrate 11 or of the light-receiving window 18, but the adhesivematerial generally has an insufficient purity and is unable to ensure asufficient light transmission, thus deteriorating the readingcharacteristic of the light-receiving window.

The protective layer 20 may also be formed of a photocurable resin, butthere will be encountered drawbacks as first mentioned due to thecontraction at resin curing, and the difference in thermal expansioncoefficient. Also such resin deteriorates the reading characteristic ofthe light-receiving face because of the low degree of purificaiton ofsuch resin.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to resolve such drawbacks and toprovide an image reading device with improved durability, capable ofrelaxing the stress resulting from temperature change or adhesion forpreventing the cracks in the protective layer or substrate, and stillcapable of maintaining a high resolving power.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an image readingdevice without deterioration in the reading characteristics or imagequality.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an imagereading device capable of ensuring stability of the light-receiving unitin the ambient conditions.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an imagereading device provided with:

a substrate;

an entrance window provided in said substrate and receiving the lightilluminating an information bearing member, bearing information to beread;

a photosensor provided on said substrate for receiving the light thathas entered through said entrance window and has been reflected by saidinformation bearing member; and

a protective layer formed on said photosensor opposite to saidsubstrate, in order to maintain a constant distance between saidinformation bearing member and said photosensor;

wherein said protective layer has a multi-layer structure of separatefunctions, comprising a first layer of a first function at the side ofphotosensor, and a second layer of another function different from saidfirst function.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic lateral cross-sectional view of a conventionalimage reading device;

FIG. 2A is a schematic plan view of an image reading device constitutingan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the device along a line A--A inFIG. 2A;

FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are schematic views of a principal portion of animage reading device in which a photosensor, a charge accumulating unit,a switch unit etc. are integrally formed, wherein FIG. 3A is a plan viewthereof, FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view along a line B--B, and FIG.3C is a cross-sectional view along a line C--C;

FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic views of an embodiment of the protectivelayer of the image reading device of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the characteristic of an intermediate layerforming material, usable for an intermediate layer constituting a partof the protective layer of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the effect of an embodiment shown inFIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C;

FIG. 7 is a schematic lateral cross-sectional view of a principalportion of a third embodiment of the present invention; and

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a principal portion of a fourth embodimentof the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Now the present invention will be clarified in detail by embodimentsthereof shown in the attached drawings.

FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic view of a principal portion of an imagereading device constituting a first embodiment of the present invention.FIG. 2A is a plan view of a sensor unit, and FIG. 2B is across-sectional view along a line A--A in FIG. 2A, while equivalentcomponents to those in FIG. 1 are represented by corresponding numbers.

In a sensor unit 108 of the present embodiment, an opaque layer 112 iscomposed of a conductive material such as metal and is connected to apower source, for functioning as gate electrode for a main electrode(source) 116 and another electrode (drain) 117. Naturally the opaquelayer 112 need not function as an electrode but can only be used forlight interception, as shown in FIG. 1. The electrodes 116, 117 areformed in comb-like form and are placed in a mutually interlacingrelation, whereby a light-receiving window 118 is formed in a meanderingshape as shown in FIG. 2B, and a semiconductor layer 14 opticallyexposed through said window 118 receives the light reflected from anoriginal document P to effect photoelectric conversion. On the sensor108 there is provided a protective layer 129A of multi-layer structure,composed of a first layer functioning as a passivation layer, and asecond layer 130 functioning at least as a spacer for maintaining adesired distance between the original P and the sensor 108.

The photosensor 108 shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B corresponds to 1 bit (1cell) of image reading, but such cells may be linearly arranged on thesubstrate 11 to constitute a linear image sensor. For example, in orderto obtain a resolving power of 8 pel/mm in the width direction of theoriginal P (perpendicular to the moving direction thereof indicated byan arrow in FIG. 2B) over a width of 216 mm (corresponding to theA4-size), there should be arranged 1728 photosensors 108. Also it ispossible to form the photosensor, a charge accumulating unit (capacitor)for accumulating the output of said photosensor, a switch unit fortransferring thus accumulated charge for signal processing, andnecessary wiring patterns on the same substrate through the samemanufacturing procedure.

FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C are respectively a plan view, a cross-sectional viewalong a line B--B therein and a similar view along a line C--C, of anembodiment of the image reading device in which the photosensor, chargeaccumulating unit and switch unit are integrated as explained above,wherein equivalent components to those in FIG. 1 are represented by samenumbers.

In these figures, there are shown matrix wirings 210; a photosensor 208;a charge accumulating area 212; a switch unit 213 including a transferswitch 213a and a discharge switch 213b for discharging the charge inthe accumulating area 212; a wiring 214 for transferring the outputsignal of the transfer switch to a signal processing unit to beexplained later; and a load capacitor 223 for accumulating and readingthe charge to be transferred by the transfer switch 213a.

In the present embodiment a photoconductive a-Si:H film is used as thesemiconductor layer 14 constituting the semiconductor of the photosensor208, transfer switch 213a and discharge switch 213b, and a siliconnitride (SiNH) film obtained by glow discharge is used as the insulatinglayer 203.

In FIG. 3A, for the purpose of simplicity, there are only illustratedupper and lower electrode wirings, but the photoconductive semiconductorlayer 14, insulating layer 203 and protective layer 229A are omitted.The photoconductive semiconductor layer 14 and the insulating layer 203are formed not only in the areas of the photosensor 208, chargeaccumulating area 212, transfer switch 213a and discharge switch 213bbut also between the upper electrode wirings and the substrate in otherareas. In addition, between the upper electrodes 216, 217 and thesemiconductor layer 14, there is formed an n⁺ -doped a-Si:H layer 205 toform the ohmic contact.

In the linear sensor of the present embodiment, the wiring pattern fromeach sensor is so formed as not to cross other wirings, therebypreventing crosstalk between different signal components and inductionnoises from the gate electrode wiring. In FIGS. 3B and 3C, theprotective layer 209A is composed of first and second layers 229, 230,as in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

The photosensor 208 has upper electrodes 216, 217. Light enteringthrough the entrance window 219 and reflected by the original documentvaries the current in the semiconductor layer 14 between the upperelectrodes 216, 217. A metal opaque layer 202 is connected, like theopaque layer 112, to a suitable power source.

The charge accumulating area 212 is composed of a lower electrode wiring214; a dielectric member consisting of an insulator layer 203 formed onsaid wiring 214 and the semiconductor 14; and an electrode wiring 217Aformed on the semiconductor layer 14 and extended from the upper wiring217 of the photosensor. Said charge accumulating area 212 is constructedin the same manner as so-called MIS (Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor)capacitor. It may be biased positively or negatively, but the negativebias state of the lower electrodes wiring 214 provides a stable capacityand a stable frequency characteristic.

FIG. 3C shows the switch unit 213 of a thin film transistor (TFT)structure including the transfer switch 213a and the discharge switch213b, wherein the transfer switch 213a is composed of a lower electrodewiring 224 constituting a gate electrode; the insulator layer 203constituting a gate insulator; the semiconductor layer 14; an upperelectrode wiring 225 constituting a source electrode; and an upperelectrode wiring 217 constituting a drain electrode.

As explained in the foregoing, between the upper electrode wirings 217,225, 226 and the photoconductive semiconductor layer 14 there isprovided the n⁺ -doped a-Si:H layer for forming the ohmic contact.

In the above-explained image reading device shown in FIGS. 3A, 3B and3C, all the photosensor, charge accumulating area, transfer switch,discharge switch and matrix wirings have the same multi-layer structureincluding a photoconductive semiconductor layer, an insulating layer andan intermediate layer, and can therefore be formed simultaneouslythrough the same process.

In the following there will be explained an example of the protectivelayer 129A or 229A constituting a feature of the present invention. Theprotective layer is composed, in its most basic multi-layer structure,of a first layer and a second layer.

First layer

At first there will be explained materials usable in the presentinvention as the first layer 129 or 229 shown in FIGS. 2B, 3B and 3C.

For the purpose of relaxing the stress between the substrate and thesecond layer to be explained later, the first layer is preferably of alower hardness (for example Vickers hardness) and a high purity than inthe second layer and capable of stabilizing the surface of thephotosensor 108, 208. A representative example of such material issilicone resin, such as a gel resin known under a trade name JCR6110supplied by Toray Silicone Co., Ltd., or a rubber type resin known undera trade name XE13-611, XE13-642 or XE14-520 supplied by Toshiba SiliconeCo., Ltd. The former can be formed easily as a thin film because of alow viscosity, but the adhesion properties is slightly low. The latterprovides a thick layer because of a high viscosity, but showssatisfactory adhesion. These materials can be suitably selected inconsideration of the material of the second layer as explained above.Such silicone resins should preferably be selected in consideration ofthe alkali ion content as will be explained later.

Also the first layer may be composed of a photoresist material, forexample a UV-curable negative photoresist known under a trade name RFGfrom Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., a deep UV-curable photoresist knownunder a trade name ODUR-110WR from Tokyo Oka Co., Ltd., a negativephotoresist known under a trade name OMR-83 from Tokyo Oka Co., Ltd. ora trade name CBR from Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd., the former beingfeatured by a low cost while the latter being featured by a high heatresistance.

Also there can be employed a deep UV-curable positive photoresist suchas FPM 210 or FPM 120 from Daikin Co., Ltd., or a positive photoresistsuch as OFPR-800 from Tokyo Oka Co., Ltd.

Among negative photoresists, OMR-83 or CBR mentioned above enables finepatterning but has a drawback of being yellow. However light loss can beprevented by employing an illuminating light source 30 of yellow oryellow-green light. Positive photoresists are more expensive and oflower adhesion compared with negative ones, but allow fine patterning asin the negative ones. The above-mentioned OFPR-800 is colored red, butlight loss can be prevented by the use of a suitable light source 30.Such photoresists are preferable because the alkali ion content isnegligibly low.

In the following there will be explained the result of investigation onthe material and thickness of the first layer 129 or 229.

Investigation of alkali ion content in the first layer composed ofsilicon resin

FIG. 5 shows the characteristic of the photosensor, overcoated withsilicone resins of varying alkali ion content from 0.1 to 10 ppm, as thefirst layer. With the increase in the alkali ion content, thephotosensor 108 or 208 showed an increase in the dark current and adeterioration of the γ property, indicating the linearity to the lightamount, thereby resulting in a deteriorated image quality.

Also in the image reading device of the embodiment shown in FIG. 3, anincrease in the alkali ion content in the first layer 225 decreased theoff-resistance of the TFT switch 213, thus resulting in an insufficienton/off ratio.

From these facts, it is found out that the alkali ion content of thefirst layer composed of silicon resin should not preferably exceed 1ppm. In fact a material selected in this manner provided satisfactorystable results on the photosensor characteristic and durability test.Also in the image reading device shown in FIG. 3, there was notdeterioration in the switch characteristic.

Investigation on thickness of the first layer

Characteristic of the first layer 129. 229 was investigated at variousthicknesses. A small thickness resulted in pinholes, resulting in aninsufficient function for passivation. On the other hand, anexecessively large thickness not only results in a significant decreasein light transmission if it is composed of a colored material such asphotoresist, but, also a limitation in the forming method since thesecond layer 130, 230 has to be made thinner. Consequently it isconcluded that the thickness of the first layer should be in a range of0.05 to 20 μ preferably 0.1 to 10 μ.

Investigation on the refractive index of the first layer

The refractive index of the first layer 229 was investigated, because,in the image reading device shown in FIG. 3, the light entering thedevice may be introduced as stray light into the TFT switch 213.

FIG. 6 schematically shows a principal portion of the image readingdevice shown in FIG. 3. A refractive index of the first layer 229different from that of the second layer 230, for example smaller thanthe latter in the illustrated example, can cause multiple reflections inthe second layer 230, thereby reducing the stray light entering theswitch 213 and obtaining satisfactory switch characteristic.Consequently it is desirable to select the materials of the first andsecond layers, so as to generate a difference in refractive indextherebetween, said difference being preferably as large as possible.

Second layer

The second layer (129, 229) at least functioning as a spacer forpreventing the abrasion by the original document P and preciselycontrolling the resolving power in image reading can be composed of acoating of a translucent and for example photocurable organic resin, onthe first layer. In such case, said resin may be coated with a thicknessof 0.01-0.5 mm, preferably about 0.1 mm as shown in FIG. 2 or 3, afterthe first layer is formed with photoresist or silicone resin.

Also, if the second layer is composed of glass, a thin glass plate of athickness for example of 0.1 mm can be placed without air gap after thefirst layer is formed flat with photoresist or silicone resin. Saidglass plate can be a product known under a trade name BLC supplied byNihon Denki Glass Co., Ltd, when the second layer is composed of suchglass plate, said first layer has to also function as an adhesive layer.

Also the second layer may be composed of a film, for example a polyesterfilm with a hard silicon coating, such as a product of Toray Co., Ltd.known under a trade name Toughtop, or a polyester film with a hardacrylic coating, such as a product of Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. knownunder a trade name of Diabeam. In such case the first layer will notfunction as an adhesive layer, so that an adhesive material may beapplied around the photosensor and the first layer for adhering thefilm, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B.

Example of a protective layer (129A, 229A)

On the photosensor (108, 208) shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, theabove-explained first layer (129, 229) was formed by coating photoresist(OMR-83 from Tokyo Oka) with a spinner in a thickness of ca. 1 μ so asto obtain a flat surface and curing said photoresist in usual manner.Then a thin glass plate was adhered as the second layer (130, 230) onsaid first layer (129, 229) with transparent adhesive to obtain theimage reading device shown in FIG. 2 or 3. The photosensor (108, 208) ofsaid device showed satisfactory characteristics and image quality aftercontinuous reading. No deterioration in the characteristics ofphotosensor nor mechanical defects such as cracking were found inprolonged durability tests (heat cycles and operations at hightemperature and high humidity). Also no deterioration of the switchcharacteristics was found in the structure shown in FIG. 3.

Another example of a protective layer

In the foregoing embodiments there has been explained a protective layerof two-layered structure consisting of first and second layers ofseparate functions. In the present embodiment the protective layer has athree-layered structure having a surface layer (132, 232) as indicatedby a chain line in FIG. 2A or FIGS. 3B and 3C. The protective layer(129A, 229A) is required not only to perform a spacer function but alsoto improve the stability of the photosensor in ambient conditions andthe abrasion resistance and the sliding property to the originaldocument P. In the present embodiment, therefore, the protective layer(129A, 229A) is provided with the first layer as a passivation film forthe photosensor, and a surface layer (132, 232) at the surface of saidprotective layer for improving the abrasion resistance or slidingproperty. Also such structure widens the freedom of material selectionfor each layer constituting the protective layer (129A, 229A).

In consideration of the productivity, the protective layer (129A, 229A)is preferably formed of organic resins that can be coated, for examplephotocurable resins, thermosetting resins, photosensitive resins etc. Insuch case, polycarbonate, polysiloxane resins, acrylic resins etc. havehigh transparency, but have not been used at the surface of theprotective layer (129A, 229A) because of high friction coefficient.

In the present embodiment, therefore, there is provided a surface layer(132, 232) of a friction coefficient smaller than that of the secondlayer (130, 230), thereby improving the abrasion resistance and slidingproperty to the original document P achieved by said surface layer (132,232), further widening the freedom of material selection for the secondlayer (130, 230) and improving the precision of image reading. Forexample, the second layer (130, 230) may be formed of a material of highfriction coefficient that could not be used conventionally.

The surface layer (132, 232) can be composed, for example, oftetrafluoroethylene, melamine resin, urea resin, nylon, polyethylene,acetal resin or acetal resin added with fluorinated resin. However,these materials, having insufficient transparence, are preferably usedwith a suitable thickness, in order to prevent loss in the light amount.

The surface layer (132, 232) can be obtained by forming a thin layer ofthe above-mentioned material on the second layer (130, 230), or byapplying, on the second layer (130, 230), the same resin of said secondlayer to which added is resin powder for improving the sliding property.

The protective layer of the above-mentioned three-layered structure notonly improves the durability of the device and the ambient stability ofthe photosensor as in the foregoing embodiments, but also improves theabrasion resistance and sliding property to the original document andwidens the freedom of selection of the materials constituting theprotective layer, thereby ensuring an increased reliability of thedevice.

FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of a first layer which is multi-layered andcomposed of two layers 129-1, 129-2 of different materials. The firstlayer is composed of a first intermediate layer 129-1 and a secondintermediate layer 129-2 formed thereon, and the second layer 130 isformed thereon. The first intermediate layer 129-1, being in directcontact with the photosensor 108, is required to stabilize the surfacecharacteristics of the photosensor 108. For this reason the firstintermediate layer 129-1 should be composed of a highly pure material,for example an inorganic material such as SiO₂ film or SiNH film, or anorganic material such as polyimide resin allowing easy film formation,supplied by Hitachi Chemical under a trade name LP-52.

Also the second intermediate layer 129-2 can be given a good moistureresistance and can be composed for example of epoxy resin, preferably aproduct of Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd. under a trade name ECR/ECH 7120.The second layer 130 can be composed of a material of high abrasionresistance and high optical transmission, such as borosilicate glass,preferably a product of Nihon Denki Galss Co., Ltd. supplied under atrade name BLC. In this case the second intermediate layer 129-2 ispreferably composed of a material having adhesive property.

In the present embodiment, the first layer composed of the firstintermediate layer 129-1 and the second intermediate layer 129-2 ofdifferent functions allows to obtain an image reading device of furtherimproved reliability and stability.

Also in the structure shown in FIG. 3, the first layer 229 may naturallybe divided into a first intermediate layer covering at least thephotosensor 208 and the switch area 213, and a second intermediate layerprovided thereon.

Furthermore, in the present embodiment, there may be provided, asindicated by a chain line in FIG. 7, a surface layer 132 of a functionsimilar to that explained in relation to FIGS. 2 and 3.

FIG. 8 shows a principal portion of an image reading device which has asimilar structure as in FIG. 7 but the first intermediate layer 129-1 ispackaged in the second intermediate layer 129-2. In the presentembodiment, the first intermediate layer 129-1 is formed only in thenecessary areas (areas of photosensor and switch in the structure shownin FIG. 3), and the second intermediate layer 129-2 is so formed as tosurround said first intermediate layer, for achieving additionalfunctions such as moisture resistance. The present embodiment canfurther improve the reliability such as stability against ambientconditions.

Also in the present embodiment there may be naturally provided, asindicated by a dotted line in FIG. 8, a surface layer 132 of a functionsame as that of the surface layer explained already in relation to FIGS.2 and 3.

Furthermore, even when the first layer is composed of a single layer,the second layer may be so formed as to surround the first layer.

In the foregoing description, the photosensor is of planar type having agap between main electrodes, but there may also be employed aphotosensor of so-called sandwich structure in the present invention.

As explained in the foregoing, the present invention, providing aprotective layer of multilayer structure of plural layers of separatefunctions for protecting the photosensor, allows to widen the freedom ofmaterial selection for each layer, thereby achieving the photosensor andswitch characteristics equivalent to those in a single layered structurewith ideal materials in the protective layer, thus providing an imagereading device of high reliability, capable of stable image reading.

We claim:
 1. An image sensor comprising:a substrate having alight-permeable section; a plurality of photosensors disposed on saidsubstrate; and a protective layer provided on said photosensors, whereinsaid protective layer includes a plurality of layers of differentmaterials, one of said layers being provided on said photosensors whileanother one of said layers is provided on said one of said layers, saidanother one of said layers being larger in spread than said one of saidlayers.
 2. An image sensor according to claim 1, wherein said one ofsaid layers is an adhesive and said another one of said layers is aglass.
 3. An apparatus comprising:an image sensor including: a substratecomprising a light-permeable section, a plurality of photosensorsdisposed on said substrate, and a protective layer provided on saidphotosensors, wherein said protective layer includes a plurality oflayers of different materials, and one of said layers is provided onsaid photosensor while another one of said layers is provided on saidone of said layers, said another one of said layers being larger inspread than said one of said layers; a light source for illuminating anoriginal carrying information thereon; and means for conveying theoriginal in a manner such that the original is in contact with saidprotective layer of said image sensor.
 4. An apparatus according toclaim 3, wherein said apparatus is a facsimile machine.
 5. An apparatusaccording to claim 3, wherein said apparatus is an image reader.